Graphic design: a new history

The origins of graphic design

Writing and printing in China. From Gutenberg to Bodoni

1. The nineteenth century: an expanding field. The Industrial Revolution and the rise of urban mass culture ; New technologies ; Photography

European newspapers and the law ; New design theories ; The popular book and print ; Mass-market advertising: the broadsheet and the poster ; Nineteenth-century type ; Typesetting and competition ; Advertising agencies ; William Morris.

The arts and crafts movement ; William Morris's Kelmscott Press.

The advent of graphic design

2. Art Nouveau: a new style for a new culture. French Art Nouveau ; Jules Chéret ; Leonetto Cappiello: Japanese prints ; Alphonse Mucha: Absinthe, the green fairy ; Sensuality and symbolism ; Théophile Steinlen ; Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec: The United States ; Harper's and Japanese prints ; The portrayal of young women ; Will H. Brandley: England ; English Art Nouveau ; Arthur Liberty and liberty's ; Aubrey Beardsley ; The Beggarstaff Brothrs: Art nouveau in Scotland, Austria, and Germany: the four ; : The Glasgow School of Art, Celtic revival: Celtic manuscripts and The Four ; Charles Rennie Mackintosh

Vienna Secession : Gustav Klimt ; The Secession Building

Ver Sacrum

Wiener Werkstätte : Werkstätte style ; Austrian Expressionism: Oskar Kokoschka, Egon Schiele

Art Nouveau in Germany : Pan and Jugend magazines ; Blackletter ; Simplicissimus magazine ; Henry van de Velde ; Peter Behrens

The decline of Art Nouveau

3. Sachplakat, the First World War, and Dada. Sachplakat in Germany : Lucian Bernhard and the Priester breakthrough ; The Sachplakat phenomenon ; Ludwig Hohlwein

The First World War : Wartime propaganda ; Emasculating messages

The United States : War posters and James Montgomery Flagg: Uncle Sam, an American icon ; Howard Chandler Christy

France

The central powers : Realism versus abstraction

Dada : Tristan Tzara ; Dada in Paris ; Dada in Berlin ; Kurt Schwitters and Merz.

4. Modern art, modern graphic design. Montparnasse

Cubism : Guillaume Apollinaire's Calligrammes

The London underground : Frank Pick ; Edward McKnight Kauffer ; Signage and visual identity

Futurism : "Words in freedom" ; Lacerba ; Vorticism: Book design in Britain

Purism : The machine aesthetic ; The new spirit

Art Deco in France and Britain : Poster art: Cassandre and Carlu ; The Normandie

Art Deco in Asia: Art Deco type design

Art Deco: race and colonialism ; The 1931 International Colonial Exposition

5. Revolutions in design. De Stijl ; Seeking universal harmony ; Typography and journal design ; De Stijl redesigned ; De Stijl architecture ; De Stijl poster design ; De Stijl and Dada

Revolution in Russia

The Russian Revolution and the Bolshevik poster ; The Bolshevik poster

Lubki and religious icons

Russian suprematism and constructivism ; Kasimir Malevich and Vladimir Tatlin ; A new Utopia ; Constructivism and Alexander Rodchenko ; Alexander Rodchenko and Vladimir Mayakovsky ; Photomontage and film ; Filmic vision ; Gustav Klutsis ; Film posters: the Stenbergs ; El Lissitzky ; El Lissitzky in Germany.

6. The Bauhaus and the new typography

Dada and Russian constructivism

German expressionism ; Expressionist film ; Metropolis

The Arbeitsrat für Kunst

Weimar Bauhaus ; Expressionism at the Bauhaus ; Constructivism and the Bauhaus ; László Moholy-Nagy

Women at the Bauhaus ; The 1923 exhibition ; Political problems

Dessau Bauhaus ; New buildings ; Herbert Bayer ; Typophoto ; Depoliticization at the Bauhaus ; Type at the Bauhaus ; Paul Renner and Futura

The new typography ; Die neue Typographie ; Ring Neur Werbegestalter.

7. American modern and the Second World War. The American magazine ; Fortune

Condé Nast, Vogue, and fashion photography ; Mehemed Agha and Vanity Fair ; Cipe Pineles ; Alexey Broadovitch ; PM magazine.

Government patrons ; The Great Depression ; FAP posters ; Lester Beall

The Museum of Modern Art ; The international style ; The "machine art" exhibition ; The "Cubism and Abstract Art" exhibition ; The "Bauhaus 1919-1928" exhibition

Pulp magazines

Germany in the 1930s ; The Nazis and the mass media ; "Degenerate Art" ; Typography under the Nazis ; John Heartfield's photomontages

The Second World War ; Britain ; Russia ; The United States ; Norman Rockwell

8. The triumph of the international style. Swiss style ; Jan Tschichold ; The predominance of Akzidenz Grotesk ; New typefaces ; The Swiss style in Zurich ; Neue Grafik ; Design in Basel ; The spread of the Swiss Style ; The International style and corporate identy at Ulm

The Netherlands

England ; Stanley Morison ; Jan Tschichold at Penguin ; Herbert Spencer ; Alan Fletcher

France

American innovators ; Alvin Lustig ; Saul Bass

The international style comes to America ; Container Corporation of America ; Paul Rand

Bauhaus Masters at American Universities ; The breakthrough: Paul Rand and IBM ; Unimark International ; The Golden Age of Lagos

The International style in corporate architecture ; The tilted "E"

9. Postmodernism: the return of expression

Postmodernism

Psychedelic and rock graphics ; Historical consciousness ; Détournement ; Postmodern typography ; Robert Venturi and Learning from Las Vegas ; Wolfgang Weingart ; Dan Friedman and April Greiman ; Early desktop publishing

The postmodern book and Richard Eckersley ; Cranbrook Academy of Art ; The Netherlands and Britain ; Tibor Kalman

Postmodern architecture

Digital typography ; Émigré Graphics ; Early digital typefaces and Zuzana Licko

The postmodernism of resistance continuing conflict.

10. Contemporary graphic design

Eclectic experiments: "Grunge" design ; Depoliticized design ; Celebrification ; Electicism, historicism, and appropriation ; Conceptual design ; MTV, coopting the counterculture ; Comics, manga, video games, and animé ; Graffiti and street art ; Illustration in a digital age

Design it yourself

Global graphics?

11. The digital present. Resurgent idealism

Wired magazine

Designing the web 1.0: beginnings ; First wave motion and interactivity: flash 2000-2010 ; Viral advertising ; Animated graphics for film and television ; The end of the flash era ; The multifaceted digital world: stories, experiences, and interfaces

Big data

Contemporary digital type ; Digital crystal goblets

Comic sans and papyrus ; Experimental and conceptual type

Lessons from type at MoMA.

Epilogue. The Citizen Designer

Sustainability

Bruce Mau and massive change

Jonathan Barnbrook

Center for Urban Pedagogy

Conclusion.